Abrasives yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej abrasive thiab tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha rau kev sib tsoo thiab polishing.Abrasivesyog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas cov cuab yeej abrasive tuaj yeem zom cov workpieces. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau yam khoom siv ua haujlwm, abrasive yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no: hardness, toughness, lub zog, thermal stability, tshuaj stability.
(1) abrasive yuav tsum muaj siab hardness
Hardness yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm abrasive. Kev sib tsoo yog ua los ntawm abrasive cim qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, lub abrasive yuav tsum muaj peev xwm txiav mus rau hauv lub workpiece, thiab nws hardness yuav tsum siab tshaj qhov hardness ntawm workpiece. Cov fiber ntau hardness ntawm abrasive thiab cemented carbide yog muab piv raws li hauv qab no:
duab
Lub hardness ntawm abrasive muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov abrasive, kev ncaj ncees ntawm crystalline qauv, thiab cov impurities fused nyob rau hauv lub crystallization. Vim hais tias cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, impurity cov ntsiab lus thiab crystalline qauv ntawm ntau yam abrasives txawv, txhua hom abrasives yog ib feem haum rau ib qho kev siv.
(2) Lub abrasive yuav tsum muaj ib qho toughness
Toughness yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom abrasive los tiv thaiv kev tawg hauv qab quab yuam lossis cuam tshuam. Tsim nyog toughness tuaj yeem ua kom cov nyhuv ntawm cov abrasive micro-ntug, thiab tom qab passivation tuaj yeem tsim ib qho tshiab txiav micro-ntug ntawm cov pob txha pob txha txuas ntxiv kom nws lub xeev ntse. Yog hais tias lub abrasive yog nkig, nws yuav raug puas ntsoog ua ntej nws tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm txiav. Lub toughness ntawm abrasive feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm nws lub xeev crystalline (xws li cov kab nrib pleb, qhov pores thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag hauv crystallization), qhov loj ntawm cov siv lead ua, macro geometry ntawm abrasive thiab granulation txoj kev. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov xim av corundum abrasive, nrog rau kev nce ntawm TiO2 cov ntsiab lus, cov aggregate yuav nce ntxiv, thaum ib leeg siv lead ua thiab nruj sib xyaw ua ke yuav txo qis. Vim muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm iav (amorphous) nyob rau hauv lub aggregate, lub toughness ntawm xim av corundum yog txo. Cov duab ntawm cov particle kuj cuam tshuam rau nws toughness. Lub toughness ntawm uniform ntim tsim abrasives yog siab dua li ntawm flake los yog koob-zoo li tus abrasives.
(3) Cov khoom abrasive yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev siv zog
Abrasive hais nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib tsoo kom rov tau txais qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev sib tsoo quab yuam, thiab hauv kev sib cuag ua haujlwm kom raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab kev sib tsoo kub, abrasive hais kuj yuav tsim thermal stress. Yog li ntawd, lub abrasive yuav tsum muaj ib tug tej yam mechanical zog los xyuas kom meej tias lub abrasive plays lub luag hauj lwm txiav. Lub zog ntawm abrasive hais yog ncaj qha ntsig txog cov khoom siv thiab crystallization. Feem ntau, lub zog ntawm corundum hnav cov khoom yog siab dua li cov khoom siv carbide. Nyob rau hauv lub corundum system, lub zog ntawm zirconium corundum yog siab tshaj, lub zog ntawm xim av corundum yog siab tshaj li ntawm dawb corundum. Lub zog ntawm dub silicon carbide yog siab dua li ntawm ntsuab silicon carbide nyob rau hauv carbide coj hais. Rau pob zeb diamond abrasive yog ib qho tseem ceeb Performance index, nws yog qhia los ntawm lub siab tsis kam ntawm pob zeb diamond. Lub abrasive nrog ib lub xeev siv lead ua thiab cov khoom siv lead ua tsis zoo muaj zog dua abrasive.
(4) abrasive yuav tsum muaj thermal stability (liab hardness)
Vim qhov kub ntawm qhov sib tsoo cheeb tsam (400 txog 1000 ° C), nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov khoom abrasive tseem tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsim nyog lub cev thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias mus txuas ntxiv kom lawv cov ntse txiav.
(5) Cov khoom abrasive yuav tsum tau thermally ruaj khov
Cov khoom siv abrasive thiab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsis txhob yooj yim rau cov tshuaj lom neeg, kom tsis txhob muaj adhesion thiab diffusion, ua rau cov blockage ntawm abrasive los yog passivation ntawm abrasive hais, ua rau los yog poob lub peev xwm txiav.
(6) abrasive yuav tsum muaj txheej txheem granulation zoo
Txhawm rau hloov mus rau cov txheej txheem sib tsoo, cov abrasive yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, cov duab particle zoo sib xws, cov duab zoo li niaj zaus hnav, nws yog qhov nyuaj los ua cov khoom ntawm cov tawv tawv, tawv tawv. khoom, tsis haum rau abrasive, xws li carbide hmoov.
